Causes of Bipolar Disorder

Although there are dozens of hypotheses and theories about the causes of bipolar disorder, current research indicates that there is no one single cause of the illness. Despite the fact that many studies point to a genetic influence, no specific gene has been pinpointed as the “culprit”. Most current researchers believe that bipolar disorder is probably caused by a combination of genetic, biologic, and environmental factors.

The Brain

Science is just beginning to understand the most complex organ in our bodies, the brain. What is most prevalent in studies is that several factors combine to trigger a chemical imbalance in the brain that causes the severe and sometimes abrupt mood swings, which are characteristic of manic-depression.

The brain receives, processes, and sends billions of signals to the rest of the body by way of chemicals and electrical impulses. The brain is mostly made up of two kinds of cells. Neurons translate electrical impulses and transmit the information. Glial cells make sure that neurons have enough nutrients and other chemicals. They also repair the brain if it is injured, and are the first line of defense against bacteria that try to attack the brain.

Neurons transmit their information through neurotransmitters, which are the chemicals provided by the glial cells. Some of the many different neurotransmitters include Melatonin, Serotonin, Dopamine (DA), and Norepinephrine. Each chemical transmits specific impulses to specific cells. Physical activity, exercise, diet, vitamins, medications, and herbal supplements can all affect neurotransmitters. In addition, problems can occur during the electrical side of the communication process when uncontrolled surges of electricity take place inside the brain.

Genetic Factors

Because bipolar disorder tends to run in families, researchers have been searching for specific genes that may increase a person's susceptibility to the illness. However, findings suggest that bipolar disorder does not occur because of a single gene. It’s more likely that several genes act together along with other factors to cause the illness.

Biologic Factors

Some studies indicate that other biologic factors may be linked to or at least provide clues to the causes of bipolar disorder. For instance, epileptics often experience similar mood swings. Seizure disorders, which are caused by abnormal electrical brain activity, are also common in people with bipolar disorder. In other studies, bipolar disorder has shown similarities to Tourette’s syndrome, panic disorder and schizophrenia. Although each illness is different and most probably unrelated, finding the causes of these similarities may help identify the cause of the illnesses.

Scientists are also looking at external catalysts as possible causes or triggers of bipolar disorders. Most recent studies on pathogens, viruses, and other external biological catalysts suggest that the Borna virus and Herpes simplex virus may be possible links to bipolar disorder. However, it is important to remember that these studies are inconclusive at present.

Environmental Factors

Stress is considered to be a contributing factor to bipolar disorder. In addition to psychological factors, the physical environment is also under scientific scrutiny. At present, one such environmental factor is thought to be a reduction in light since many people develop the disorder during the shorter days of winter. However, environmental factors may possibly be the final components in a complex series of elements that cause bipolar disorder.

 

Please note:  Because of the complexity of possible causes, it is difficult for even medical professionals to diagnose bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder won’t go away when the sun comes out, when you lose weight, when you get your promotion, or when you get over your cold. Without treatment, it will destroy your life. If your highs are too grandiose and your lows too abysmal, seek immediate professional guidance.

Copyright 2008 Mental Disorder Network
All rights reserved.